Battery systems are inherently networked systems, in which batterycells or packs are grouped by serial and parallel connections tomeet power and capacity specifications. In real-time operation,battery packs must be controlled collaboratively so that theircapacities can be fully utilized. By employing both analogcharge/discharge currents and discrete-event bypass switches innetworked battery systems, we present a new hybridcontrol methodology to estimate and control the states of charge (SOCs) andoptimize performance. Necessary andsufficient conditions for controllability under hybrid controlmechanism. These conditions are then used to derive controlstrategies to achieve coordinated SOC control, state consensus,and performance optimization. Control algorithms are developed,their convergence properties proved, and optimality established.Simulation examples are used to demonstrate the methods and theirperformances.
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Le Yi Wang received the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from McGill University, Montreal, Canada, in 1990. Since 1990, he has been with Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, where he is currently a Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. His research interests are in the areas of complexity and information, system identification, robust control, H-infinity optimization, time-varying systems, adaptive systems, hybrid and nonlinear systems, information processing and learning, as well as medical, automotive, communications, power systems, and computer applications of control methodologies. He was a keynote speaker in several international conferences. He serves on the IFAC Technical Committee on Modeling, Identification and Signal Processing. He was an Associate Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control and several other journals. He is a Fellow of IEEE.